Infrastructure Audit · Latency Profiling
Signing Latency Audit Template. 14 measurements most shops have never taken
Fill in your p50/p95/p99 for each measurement under realistic production load, not synthetic benchmarks. Compare against the industry targets on the right.
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How to use this template
Run each measurement with your actual signing key type (KMS / HSM / TEE / software) under a load profile matching your peak production throughput. Record p50, p95, and p99 separately. Averages hide tail latency. Any p99 over 1ms warrants immediate investigation.
1 Signing path 3 measurements
2 Key management overhead 3 measurements
3 Execution loop 3 measurements
4 Kernel path 4 measurements (often never measured)
5 Network path 2 measurements
Your overall p99 signing latency
[total wall-clock p99] µs
If your signing p99 exceeds 1ms, your key management choice is costing you alpha on every trade. AWS KMS baseline is ~130ms. CloudHSM is ~5ms. TEE (ZeroCopy pattern) is 42µs.
If your p99 is worse than 1ms, book a call . calendar.app.google/W1CEqo8GsoGtjJX49 · or see the prop shop engagement page
Nikhil Padala · Ex-Gemini SRE · Ex-Akuna Capital · ZeroCopy Systems